In the professional literature as i noted in a recent cq artcie. An analysis is performed on the balun structure in order to determine the conditions for ideal balun. Absfrort t h i s paper reports on a small size broadband lumped element balun suitable for integration in mmica the design is au extension of the well known lattice balun, which independent of frequency has 180 phase difference heween the output ports, but suffers from a narrow amplitude bandwidth. Pdf in this paper a novel design procedure for lumped element marchand baluns is proposed. The antenna shown covers 80, 40, 20 and 10 meters with 15 meters and warc. These lumped elements are typically added to the antenna feed. We designed a balun where l1, l2 and c2 were substituted by transmission lines while c1 remains as a lumped element. Following equation or formula is used for rf lc balun calculator. Design of a wideband lumpedelement 3db quadrature coupler. The design is an extension of the well known lattice balun, which independent of frequency has 180spl deg phase difference between the output ports, but suffers from a narrow amplitude bandwidth. Pdf design of broadband lumpedelement baluns with inherent. The model can accurately describe balun behaviors for both differential and common modes.
Semilumped balun transformer using coupled lc resonators. Though a lumped lc balun using discrete components on pcbs is very popular low cost solution for narrow band applications, still it had appeared on some rfics. You can use lumped elements to increase the bandwidth of the antenna without increasing the size of the antenna. This is a popular antenna design as the performance is very good across several hf bands and requires little or no tuning. Analysis and design of lumped element marchand baluns tom johansen and viktor krozer technical university of denmark, oersteddtu, electroscience section, 2800 kgs. Design and characterization of multilayer coplanar waveguid baluns and inductors khaled obeidat university of south florida follow this and additional works at. The design processes of an active balun, a lumpedelement balun and transformer baluns are presented. Performance enhancement of power amplifier class ab pushpull. Design and optimization of a lumpedelement balun for a.
The availability of tight tolerance surface mount chip inductors and capacitors allows for minimal variation in production. The proposed balun is comprised of two pairs of coupled resonators which share one among three lc resonators. Design of broadband lumped element baluns electronic. Lumpedelement transmission line is very attractive in lower frequency due to the space saving. Lumped element circuit to load antenna matlab lumpedelement. Lumpedelement balun for uhf uwb printed balanced antennas. Design and characterization of multilayer coplanar. At the isolated port the signals from various paths cancel.
The demand for a smaller 90degree hybrid coupler with a broader bandwidth is. The theoretical pelforniance of this balun is shown in figure 7. One approach is to design the lumpedelement filter and then convert it to a distributedelement realization. Tr switchs, baluns, traps, and active detuning elements. Analysis and design of complex impedance transforming. Jti matched filter balun for 868 mhz and 915 mhz dual band johanson technology has developed a solution with a chip balun that is especially matched.
Therefore, the phase difference between the two output ports is 180 degrees, as desired. This paper presents a semi lumped balun transformer using conventional pcb process and its design theory and geometry for the maximally flat response and wide bandwidth using magnetically coupled lc resonators. In this paper a novel design procedure for lumped element marchand baluns is proposed. Pdf analysis and design of lumped element marchand baluns. This paper reports on a small size broadband lumped element balun suitable for integration in mmics. Design, simulation, and test by daniel alex ramirez a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in electrical engineering department of electrical engineering college of engineering university of south florida major professor. Analysis and design of lumped element marchand baluns. Lc balun designer enter the frequency of operation and the balanced and unbalanced z0. Specifically, the 90 degree hybrid coupler is utilized in the handset infrastructure because it offers lowloss, high isolation, and exceptional phase and amplitude balance. Lumped element baluns that function as lowpass and highpass filter structures are suited for low frequency and mmic applications 11, 12. Therefore, its necessary to design a balun component in parallel with antenna element and lna study, and try to reach a good performance low noise and good input reflection coefficient. From materials, fabrication and analyses to design, modelling and physical, electrical and thermal applications, this resource offers coverage of the critical topics for work in.
Design of broadband lumped element baluns electronic filter. Lumped lc balun design designing reusable components. The design is an extension of the well known lattice balun, which independent of frequency has. Design procedure the lumped element marchand balun is chosen to realise the circuit 10. Analysis and design of lumped element marchand baluns pages 1. This paper presents a semilumped balun transformer using conventional pcb process and its design theory and geometry for the maximally flat response and wide bandwidth using magnetically coupled lc resonators. Design and characterization of multilayer coplanar waveguid. This paper will propose a design method that achieves a wideband flat coupling by using pure lumped elements. Lattice balun with inductors and capacitors replaced with resonators. The circuit symbols typically used for a balun transformer are shown in fig.
A lumpeddistributed balun according to a presently preferred embodiment is presented in a third aspect of the present invention. The results demonstrates half power selfinductance, mutual inductive coupling, and coupling cadivision capabilities for both designs. This is a comprehensive treatment of lumped elements, which are playing a critical role in the development of the circuits that make these costeffective systems possible. Rf balun calculator rf lc balun calculator and formula. The authors design power amplifier in class ab push pull. A small size broadband lumped element balun is presented. For this reason it is often said that a balun is a type of transformer, but it is more accurate to say that a transformer can sometimes be used to implement a balun. This paper presents the design, optimization and characterization of a 2. These two properties are often used in baluns, detuning elements and tr switches design. In this section we will describe the design procedure for the balun. Q uadrature 3 db hybrid couplers are widely used in microwave circuit design.
Index termsbalun, broadband, forwardbackward waves, impedance transformation, lumped elements, synthetic transmis sion lines. An analysis is performed on the balun structure in order to. The three quarter wavelength line is replaced by a highpass filter network 6. The figure depicts typical lc bridge configuration. Abstractin this paper a novel design procedure for lumped element marchand baluns is proposed. The feed point is usually placed at the centre of the dipole, for although this is not absolutely necessary, it can. Semilumped balun transformer using coupled lc resonators 32 j electr eng technol. Us66270b1 method and system for a lumpeddistributed. Transition coefficient of coaxial balun using microstrip. At low frequencies, the terms balun and transformer are often used interchangeably because low frequency baluns are almost always implemented using flux coupled transformers. High impedance ratio baluns are easy to design using flux coupled transformers, but. Table 2 demonstrates the significant reduction in size.
The primary reason for this work is to explain how a particular transmissionlinetransformer tlt known as a 1. The authors design power amplifier in class ab push pull type. Design of broadband lumpedelement baluns with inherent impedance transformation article pdf available in ieee transactions on microwave theory and techniques 5212. In addition, an rf optimized node will also allow greater communications range for a given transmit power, thereby reducing the number of nodes required to implement a given system with a resulting decrease in system cost. The lumpeddistributed balun includes a singleended port, a first differential port, a second differential port, a first microstrip, a second microstrip, a third microstrip, and a lumped element capacitor. An analysis is performed on the balun structure in order to determine the conditions for ideal balun performance in terms of the lumped element values. Microstrip line balun the four lumped elements of the lcbalun in fig. Transmission line can be simulated by lumped elements, such as t or. Simulated response of the matching network, with without the capacitor resonance figure 3. This balun maintains the same amplitude balance as the outofphase power splitter, but. The proposed design method directly analyses the threebranch lumpedelement quadrature. Among lumped circuit baluns, the simplest is the so called latticebalun structure 3.
This has the advantages of small size together with posibility to place capacitors where the added reactances xs2. Anyway, the balun would be needed once the amplifier and preliminary designs are fabricated, in order to measure and characterize them in laboratory. We will focus on the theoretical part of lc balun design. This is followed by a design example and simulations of the design. Pdf lumpedelement compensated highlowpass balun design. Performance enhancement of power amplifier class ab push. You can use lumped elements to increase the bandwidth of the. For high frequency narrow band applications that do not required isolation, lumped element designs may be implemented. The third balun configuration consists of both lumped and distributed elements and has been introduced in 15. Based on the analysis, the casedependent optimum topology for speci. High frequency design hybrid coupler design and optimization of lumped element hybrid couplers by ashok srinivas vijayaraghavan, university of south florida and lawrence dunleavy, modelithics, inc. The proposed design method directly analyses the threebranch lumped element quadrature. The design is a development of the outofphase power splitter of second order.
Design of broadband lumped element baluns request pdf. The lumped distributed balun includes a singleended port, a first differential port, a second differential port, a first microstrip, a second microstrip, a third microstrip, and a lumped element capacitor. A lumped version of a rat race coupler is a useful as a balun. Analysis and design of lumped element marchand baluns dtu orbit. Professor behagis book is valuable in that it marries rf and microwave. Distributedelement filters above approximately 1 ghz, lumpedelement filter design is problematic because the elements are approaching a significant fraction of distributedelement filters are common. The balun 300, which is capable of being produced on a circuit board 399, includes a first phase shifter circuit 302, a second phase shifter circuit 304. Due to the unprecedented growth in wireless applications, development of lowcost solutions for rf and microwave communication systems has become of great importance. Lumped element transmission line is very attractive in lower frequency due to the space saving. For this type, there are three important parts including balun circuit. Thus, to simplify analysis, lumped parameter models, rather than distributed parameter models are used in this paper. A wilkinsontype balun using a composite rightleft kpubs. Even though much of what has been written here is taken from my summer 1992 article in communica tions quarterly.
A lumped lc balun is realized using lumped components, two inductors and two capacitors is shown in figure 1. Broadband small size balun built with lumped components dan. In this thesis, a new approach about the design of planar balun is presented where the 4port symmetrical network with one port terminated by open circuit is first analyzed by using even and odd mode excitations. Many antennas are based on halfwave dipoles fabricated from wire or tubing. Find the impedance of reactive elements using the equation. Inadequate balun design leads to excessive rf current on the coax cable, causes the burning of the balun and generates rf burning if a. Etc whenever a circuit design requires signals on two lines that are equal in magnitude and 180 degrees out of. A lumped distributed balun according to a presently preferred embodiment is presented in a third aspect of the present invention.
Lumped and distributed latticetype lcbaluns mafiadoc. Design and optimization of lumped element hybrid couplers. The vhf dipole antenna at vhf and uhf, most antenna systems are derived from the dipole or its complement, the slot antenna. You can publish your book online for free in a few minutes. The baluns can be also designed by using lumped elements. Method and system for a lumpeddistributed balun atheros. Analytical expressions for the component values are derived from cascade analysis. When you load an antenna using a lumped resistor, capacitor, or inductor, the electrical properties of the antennas changes. Pdf this paper reports on a novel lumped balun topology, the secondorder lattice balun, with broadband performance. This last fact results in them playing an important role in the design of low frequency planar antennas. Design of baluns and low noise amplifiers in integrated mixedsignal organic substrates a dissertation presented to. Part of theamerican studies commons this thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the graduate school at scholar commons.